Global Challenges for Identity Policies

The Technology, Work and Globalization series was developed to provide policy makers, workers, managers, academics and students with a deeper understanding of the complex interlinks and influences between technological developments, including information and communication technologies, work organizations and patterns of globalization. The mission of the series is to disseminate rich knowledge based on deep research about relevant issues surrounding the globalization of work that is spawned by technology. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. vii CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables viii List of Abbreviations ix Acknowledgments xii Series Preface xiii Preface xvii 1 The challenge of identity policies 1 2 A review of national identity policies 22 3 The life cycle of identity policy in the United Kingdom 74 4 The proposed National Identity Scheme for the United Kingdom 96 5 Due process and short-circuiting debate 124 6 Due process and the politics of science and technology 142 7 Intentional ambiguity about technology 154 8 Technological expertise and decision-making 178 9 The Scheme five years on 191 10 The prospects for effective identity policies 209 Figures 4.1 Benefits growth compared to take-up 117 4.2 How key decisions regarding use of the Scheme impact upon when the benefits are realized 118 4.3 Combining the two graphs 119 Tables 2.1 Identity schemes in Europe (2009 prices) 25 3.1 Key conclusions of LSE Identity Project 81 3.2 Parliamentary passage of the Identity Cards Bill after the May 2005 84 3.3 Sir James Crosby's ten principles for the design of any identity assurance scheme 93 4.1 Likely enrolments (millions) drawing on statements made to Parliament in December 2005 108 4.2 Likely enrolments (millions) as presented to Parliament November 2007 108 4.3 Likely enrolments (millions) as presented to Parliament May 2008 109 …